Do employees have First Amendmen...
In the private sector, the First Amendment does not apply. However, in the public sector, employees have First Amendment rights that may pro...
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Yes. Townships can explore implementing civil infraction notices and citations as penalties. Townships using civil infraction notices and citations have two potential avenues to provide enforcement without involving the Township attorney with each issue. For the first option, the Township can establish a violations bureau that allows the Township to issue municipal civil notice violations for ordinance violations. A Township resident or property owner can then admit responsibility and resolve the violation notice at the Township Hall with designated Township staff. A second option would be to issue a municipal civil infraction citation (different than a notice). The citation would be filed with the local district court as opposed to processed at the Township Hall. The Township can process the citation before the district court in the informal hearing process and receive a favorable result in many instances. Only if a formal hearing is requested by either party would the Township need to rely on its Township attorney. This can be a very efficient and economical means to enforce local ordinances.
In the private sector, the First Amendment does not apply. However, in the public sector, employees have First Amendment rights that may pro...
Read MoreOne of the most difficult and intimidating aspects of being a municipal employer is managing employee misconduct or poor performance. City, ...
Read MoreWhile some factors may change the outcome, the answer is generally no. In fact, “[n]o Michigan decision has ever held that a dedication of...
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